Muslims celebrate Eid ul fitar as they do the fasting for the whole
month of ramdhan and on the next day they also give fitra. It is the
firm believe of every Muslim that if they do fasting in the holy month
of ramdhan and offer prayer properly than Allah forgive all their sin
before going for the prayer of eid ul fitar .
Eid-ul-Fitr, "Eid-ul-fitr", Eid al-Fitr, Id-ul-Fitr, or Id al-Fitr , often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the sIlamic holy month of fasting (sawm). Eid is an Arabic word meaning "festivity", while Fiṭr
means "breaking the fast". The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the
29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan. The first day of Eid, therefore, falls on the first day of the month Shawwal. This is a day where Muslims around the world try to show a common goal of unity.
Eid al-Fitr has a particular salat (Islamic prayer) consisting of two raka'ah (units) and generally offered in an open field or large hall. It may only be performed in congregation (Jama’at) and has an additional extra six Takbirs
(raising of the hands to the ears while saying "Allahu Akbar" [God is
Great]), three of them in the beginning of the first raka'ah and three
of them just before ruku' in the second raka'ah in the Hanafi school.This Eid al-Fitr salat is, depending on which juristic opinion is followed, Fard (obligatory), Mustahabb (strongly recommended, just short of obligatory) or mandoob (preferable).
Muslims believe that they are commanded by God, as mentioned in the Qur'an, to continue their fast until the last day of Ramadan and pay the Zakat and fitra before doing the Eid prayer.
Eid ul-Fitr goes by various names around the world, including:
Idul Fitri, Hari Lebaran-------------------------- Indonesia
Hari Raya Puasa, Hari Lebaran, Aidilfitri--------- Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei
Wakas ng Ramadan, Hari Raya Puasa------------Philippines
Nonbu Perunaal ---------------------------------Tamil
Riyoyo, Riyayan, Rozar Eid----------------------Bengali
Rojar Eid ----------------------------------------Bangladesh
Ramazan Bayramı, Şeker Bayramı-------------- Turkish
Eid Nimaz --------------------------------------Sindhi
Korite------------------------------------------- Senegal
Id------------------------------------------------Uganda
Eid-e Sa'eed-e Fitr------------------------------ Persian
Choti Eid ; Meethi Eid ---------------------------Urdu
Cheriya Perunnal ------------------------------Malayalam
Ramazanski bajram ------------------------------Bosnian
Рамазански бајрам -----------------------------Serbian
Рамазан Байрам --------------------------------Bulgarian
Ciid Yare -----------------------------------------Somalia
Id al-Fater ----------------------------------------Ethiopia
Before the advent of Islam in Arabia, there is mention of Eid
festivals as well as some others among the Arabs. The Israelites had
festivals as well, but as is evident from the Old Testament and other scriptures, these festivals related more to commemorating certain days of their history.
Eid al-Fitr was originated by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is observed on the first of the month of Shawwal at the end of the holy month of Ramadan, during which Muslims undergo a period of fasting.
According to certain traditions, these festivals were initiated in Madinah after the flight of Muhammad from Mecca. Anas reports:
- When the Prophet arrived in Madinah, he found people celebrating two specific days in which they used to entertain themselves with recreation and merriment. He asked them about the nature of these festivities at which they replied that these days were occasions of fun and recreation. At this, the Prophet remarked that the Almighty has fixed two days [of festivity] instead of these for you which are better than these: Eid al-fitr and Eid al-adha
For Muslims, both the festivals of Eid al-fitr and Eid al-adha are
occasions of showing gratitude to God and remembering him, and are an
occasion of entertainment. ‘A’ishah narrates that when on an Eid day her father Abu Bakr stopped young girls from singing, Muhammad said: Abu Bakr! [Let them sing]; every nation has an ‘id and [this day] is our Eid.
Eid al-Fitr is celebrated for one, two or three days. Common greetings during this holiday are the Arabic greeting ‘Eid Mubārak ("Blessed Eid") or ‘Eid Sa‘īd
("Happy Eid"). In addition, many countries have their own greetings in
the local language – in Turkey, for example, a typical saying might be Bayramınız kutlu olsun or "May your Bayram
– Eid – be blessed." Muslims are also encouraged on this day to forgive
and forget any differences with others or animosities that may have
occurred during the year.
Typically, Muslims wake up early in the morning—always before
sunrise— offer Salatul Fajr (the pre-sunrise prayer), and in keeping
with the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad clean their teeth with a toothbrush, take a shower before prayers, put on new clothes (or the best available), and apply perfume.
It is forbidden to fast on the Day of Eid. It is customary to acknowledge this with a small sweet breakfast, preferably of the date fruit, before attending a special Eid prayer (known as salaat).
As an obligatory act of charity, money is paid to the poor and the needy (Arabic: Sadaqat-ul-fitr) before performing the ‘Eid prayer:
- To show happiness
- To give as much charity as is possible
- To pray Fajr in the local Masjid
- To go early for Eid salaat
- To read the takbirat in an open field.
- Go to the Eid prayer on foot
- Muslims recite the following incantation in a low voice while going to the Eid prayer: Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar. Lā ilāha illà l-Lāh wal-Lāhu akbar, Allahu akbar walil-Lāhi l-ḥamd. Recitation ceases when they get to the place of Eid or once the Imam commences activities.
- Muslims are recommended to use separate routes to and from the prayer grounds.
The Eid prayer is performed in congregation in open areas like fields, community centers, etc. or at mosques. No call to prayer is given for this Eid prayer, and it consists of only two units of prayer with an additional six incantations. The Eid prayer is followed by the sermon and then a supplication
asking for God's forgiveness, mercy, peace and blessings for all living
beings across the world. The sermon also instructs Muslims as to the
performance of rituals of Eid, such as the zakat.
Listening to the sermon at Eid is a requirement i.e. while the sermon is being delivered; it is prohibited to talk, walk about or offer prayer.
After the prayers, Muslims visit their relatives, friends and
acquaintances or hold large communal celebrations in homes, community
centers or rented halls.
Eid gifts, known as Eidi, are frequently given at eid to children and immediate relatives.
Eid ul-Fitr marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan. This has to
do with the communal aspects of the fast, which expresses many of the
basic values of the Muslim community;
e.g., empathy for the poor, charity, worship, steadfastness, patience
etc. Fasting is also believed by some scholars to extol fundamental
distinctions, lauding the power of the spiritual
realm, while acknowledging the subordination of the physical realm. It
also teaches a Muslim to stay away from worldly desires and to focus
entirely on the Lord and thank him for his blessings. It is a
rejuvenation of the religion and it creates a stronger bond between the
Muslim and his Lord. After the end of Ramadan, is a big celebration of
Eid
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal,
THE night before Eid is called Chaand Raat,
which means, "Night of the Moon." Muslims in these countries will often
visit bazaars and shopping malls with their families for Eid shopping.
Women, especially younger girls, will often apply the traditional Mehndi, or henna, on their hands and feet and wear colourful bangles.
The traditional Eid greeting is Eid Mubarak, and it is
frequently followed by a formal embrace. Gifts are frequently given —
new clothes are part of the tradition — and it is also common for
children to be given small sums of money (Eidi) by their elders. It is common for children to offer salam to parents and adult relatives.
After the Eid prayers, it is common for some families to visit
graveyards and pray for the salvation of departed family members. It is
also common to visit neighbours, family members, specially senior
relatives called Murubbis and to get together to share sweets,
snacks and special meals including some special dishes that are prepared
specifically on Eid. Special celebratory dishes in Pakistan, India, and
Bangladesh include sivayyan, a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk and dried fruit. In Bangladesh, the dish is called shemai ( Bengali: সেমাই ).
On Eid day before prayers, people distribute a charity locally known as fitra. Many people also avail themselves of this opportunity to distribute zakat, an Islamic obligatory alms tax of 2.5% of one's annual savings, to the needy. Zakat is often distributed in the form of food and new clothes.
In Bangladesh, Sholakia (Bengali: শোলাকিয়া) is a locality famous for its Eidgah where the largest congregation of Eid prayer of the country is held on the occasion of Eid ul-Fitr, the day of celebration after the fasting month of Ramadan. Around 300,000 people from all over Bangladesh join the prayer on every Eid.
In India, some popular places for Muslims to congregate to celebrate Eid at this time include the
Jama Masjid in New Delhi,
Mecca Masjid in Hyderabad,
Aishbagh Idgah in Lucknow;
Kolkata
there is a prayer held on Red Road.
Muslims turn out in the thousands,
as there is a lot of excitement surrounding the celebration of this
festival. It is common for non-Muslims to visit their Muslim friends and
neighbours on Eid to convey their good wishes. Eid is celebrated
grandly in the city of Hyderabad which has rich Islamic Heritage. Hyderabadi haleem a type of meat stew is a popular dish during the month of Ramadan, it takes centre stage and becomes the main course at Iftar(the breaking of the fast).
source :
- Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Edited by Martin, Richard C. Macmillan Reference, 2004. vol. 1
- The Umm al-Qurra calendar of Saudi Arabia (with computed and announced dates for Eid ul-Fitr)
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