Why 26th January became our Republic day ?

             

Present constitution of India started Developments from the Regulating Act of 1773.This Journey of Development continued till 26th November 1949.The Indian Administrative structure is largely a legacy of the British rule.The History of the Constitutional development in India for the first time made the Provision for the post Governor -General in India.Since then a number of constitutional experiment were introduce aiming at steaming the Indian Administration.However,the year 1858 serves as watershed when the Indian Administration came under the direct rule of the British Crown and the centralization of the administration was at its pinnacle.Thus the period of British constitutional devlopment Experiment in india can be divided into two phase :-

a) Constitutional Experiments during the rule of the East India Company(1773-1857}

b) Constitutional Experiments under the British Crown(1857-1947)


No political campaign in history has ever succeeded without symbolism. India's freedom movement was no exception. Its careful adoption of many potent symbols helped unite a large, diverse land to fight for freedom in singular fashion. January 26 was one such symbolic choice, a selection made to recall a distinct moment in the long march to Indian independence.

This date was chosen as it was the anniversary of Purna Swaraj Day, which was held on January 26, 1930.Because of that India's constitution came into effect on Republic Day, January 26, 1950.That choice of date was made at the 1930 Lahore session of the Indian National Congress, where the Tricolour as we know it was raised for the first time. It was decided there that January 26 would from then on be marked by all freedom fighters as 'Purna Swaraj Day', a call for complete self-rule. This was an Independence Day before the actual event.

The Constituent assembly took 2 Years,11 months,18 days to frame the Constitution.
It spent 6.4 crore Rupees in the preparation. 
The Constitution had got ready on 26th. November 1949.

August 15 was not a matter of choice given to the Congress, as events hurtled to make the British transfer power to Nehru's provisional government on that day in 1947. India gained freedom to become a dominion then, still formally owing some allegiance to the British Crown — it's why coinage and stamps of that period still retain a bust of George VI.

A constituent assembly was formed soon after to rectify that, and a drafting committee was given the responsibility of coming up with a Constitution. It did that job admirably by the middle of 1949, and the assembly approved a new constitution on November 25. It was signed by all members on January 24, 1950 and came into effect two days later, as Rajendra Prasad took office as President of the new 'Republic of India'. Almost by design, it appeared, January 26 had returned to the national consciousness, always to be celebrated as Republic Day.

The constitution gave India's citizens the power to govern themselves by choosing their own government. Dr Rajendra Prasad took oath as India's first president at the Durbar Hall in the Government House, followed by a residential drive along a route to the Irwin Stadium, where he unfurled India's national flag. Ever since the historic day, January 26 is celebrated with festivities and patriotic fervor across India.

Many people throughout India celebrate the nation's Republic Day, which is a gazetted holiday on January 26 each year. It is a day to remember when India's constitution came into force on January 26, 1950, completing the country's transition toward becoming an independent republic. 

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. Since then, the day is celebrated as Republic Day. However, before 1950, 26 January was called Independence Day. Since 26 January 1930, it was the day on which thousands of people, in villages, in mohallas, in towns, in small and big groups would take the independence pledge, committing themselves to the complete independence of India from British rule. It was only fitting that the new republic should come into being on that day, marking from its very inception the continuity between the struggle for independence and the adoption of the Constitution that made India a Republic.

What is a Constitution?

A constitution is a set of rules by which the people of a country are governed. It says how the government should work and what its powers and duties are. And it guarantees or, promises the people important rights like justice and freedom. It also tells people what their rights are and what they can and cannot do. The constitution is higher than all other laws in the country. All laws passed by a country have to be in line with its constitution.

           

The Indian Constitution

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. It is the longest written constitution in the world. It has so far been amended, or changed, 94 times.

The Preamble to the Constitution says that it is from the people of India that the constitution gets it authority. It also states that the aim of the Constitution is to ensure justice, Freedom and equality for the citizens of India and the unity of nation.

The Fundamental Rights, which are a part of the Constitution, guarantee "civil liberties" to the people of India; that is, citizen have the right to freedom of speech and expression, to equality before the law and against discrimination based on religion, race, caste, or gender. They have the right to practise their own religion. All communities have the right to preserve and use their own language and script. Most importantly, All citizens have the right to move a court of a law in case any of the fundamental rights have been denied to them.