Bihar
has a rich cultural heritage. The predominant themes
are from the myths and legends of Hinduism. The Hindu
deities, Lord Rama and His consort, Seeta, and Lord
Shiva and His consort, Parvati, form the main theme
of folk paintings. Bihar, a land of many Buddhist
Monasteries is also known as 'The Land of Buddha'.
The beautiful stories of the ancient times are
depicted in the exquisite handicrafts of Bihar.
One of the art forms of Bihar, the Madhubani School
of Painting, has lately received much attention
and poularity. Madhubani, in the  heart
of the Mithila region, had a rich tradition of wall
paintings done by the village women with vegetable
dyes. An artist encouraged them to try their wall
paintings on paper and since then Mithila paintings
gained ground. These line paintings in primary colors
normally depict village scenes, human and animal
forms, gods and goddesses.
Patna Qalam
Patna Qalam is a very popular School of Painting
of Bihar. This offshoot of the well-known Mughal
Miniature School of Painting flourished in Bihar
during early 18th to mid 20th century. With the
decline of the Mughals, the Delhi artists migrated
to Murshidabad. Some of them came to Patna and practiced
their craft following a style that gradually came
to be known as the Patna Qalam. The style is famous
for its soft colors and the use of hand made paper
or mica sheets. Most of these paintings depict the
life of the people of Bihar.
Folk Arts Chhau
Dance
The simple tribal people of Bihar express their
creative joy through the Chhau dance, which was
originally a war dance, preformed in order to perfect
fighting techniques. It has, over the years, evolved
into a narrative ballet.
Jat-Jatin Dance
Jat-Jatin Dance of the Mithila region is performed
by the Harijans where one person performs the role
of Jat (the husband) and Jatin (the wife) wearing
masks and goes through the story of their life.
Bidesia
Bidesia is another form of dance drama that is extremely
popular in the Bhojpuri-speaking region of Bihar.
Vidyapati Songs
The region of Mithilanchal is famous for the songs
of Vidyapati (famous poet of early medieval age)
those can be heard even now in the evenings from
several homes in the region. Bhojpuri folksongs
are popular in Bihar and second to none when it
comes to beats and rhythm.
Crafts
Villages around Bodhgaya create fascinating handicrafts.
Fantastic bamboo articles, leather works, statues
made up of white metal, wooden toys and baskets
made from cane and bamboo are available in plenty.
Bhagalpur is famous for its silk industry and is
considered to be one of the best silk producing
centres in India, in manufacturing silk yarn and
weaving them into lovely products. This silk is
of a distinct and special type. It is known as the
tussah or tusser silk.
Other crafts of Bihar include Sujni embroidery,
lac bangle making, and creation of decorative and
utility items of Seenki (a local dried grass).
Bihar is also famous for the cotton dhurries and
curtains produced by artisans in central Bihar,
particularly in the Patna and Bihar-Sharif areas.
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